Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One Essay -- comparison

Comparing The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One "Two heads are better than one," it's always been said. But is another person always valuable, or can extra baggage keep an individual from achieving his goals? Both sides can be argued effectively, and both may be true depending on the circumstances. Two historical novels, The Grapes of Wrath and The Power of One, show how two sets of characters took different routes to achieve their goals and how they fared along the way. In The Grapes of Wrath, The Joads, a family of penniless migrant workers, travel to California to look for work, depending on the help of assorted strangers along the way, while The Power of One tells the story of Peekay, a young South African boy growing up alone in a hostile world bent on destroying his chances of success. The books portray very different views on life that are equally valid and convincing; while The Grapes of Wrath is a tale that emphasizes the power that can be achieved in numbers and the consequences of trying to survive alone, Th e Power of One is a testimony to the things one person can achieve when he is forced to depend on and trust in himself only.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Joads, after they are forced to vacate their farm in Oklahoma, decide to pack all of their belongings and make the voyage to California, where there is supposedly so much work that everyone can make a living. But along the way, they quickly run into trouble. They have little money, an unreliable vehicle, a truckload of people to feed, and miles to go before they reach their destination. The Joads quickly discover something that becomes a major theme throughout the book: cooperating with others to achieve a common goal is sometimes necessary for surviva... ...ss birds banished, their rocky nests turned to river stones"(513;Ch. 24)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of these novels, although powerful and influential in its own right, contrasts the other greatly in terms of theme. The Joads in The Grapes of Wrath had to rely on others to obtain their goal, while Peekay in The Power of One struggled to find his way in life completely alone. Though each book is very different from the other, each is an emotional story of life's obstacles and the tremendous human spirit, whether combined or individual, that it takes to overcome them.    Sources Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. New York: Random House, 1989 Levant, Howard. "The Fully Matured Art: The Grapes of Wrath." John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1978.

Macbeth’s path to evil Essay

In â€Å"Macbeth†, it is clear that Macbeth at the start of the play is a different person to Macbeth at the end of the play. During the course of the play, he changes a great deal, most obviously from a good and faithful thane of Scotland to a cruel and ruthless king. At the beginning of the play, he is at his noblest. He has shown great courage and loyalty: â€Å"brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name†, and is considered a hero by Duncan, the king, for ending the rebellion in Scotland, and is thought trustworthy: â€Å"O valiant cousin! worthy gentleman!† He is a great warrior and one of the leaders of the Scottish army: â€Å"like valour’s minion carv’d out his passage.† Yet he is ambitious, and this leads him to become a terrible king, moving from one act of violence to another, seeing one threat after another, so killing conscience and pity. As he is king of Scotland, his evil floods Scotland, making it horribly unnatural and filled with fear: â€Å"A falcon†¦/Was by a mousing owl hawk’d at and kill’d.† However, at the end of the play he still shows that he has not lost his courage as he dies fighting: â€Å"Exeunt, fighting†, but it is somewhat diminished and his fear has grown as earlier in the play he is scared of the apparitions: â€Å"But no more sights!† Yet at the beginning of the play he fought a bloody and gruesome battle in which a single, detached, armoured head (the appearance of the first apparition) would not have been an uncommon sight. It could be said that at the end of the play Macbeth is a villain, as Malcolm does: â€Å"this dead butcher†, or that he is a tragic hero, as he fought, knowing that Macduff would kill him: â€Å"And thou oppos’d, being of no woman born, /Yet I will try the last.† In order to be a tragic hero however, he needs a tragic flaw. This could either be his ambition, which causes him to be willingly swayed by the witches and risk everything, or it could be his courage, as he does not realise that courage is sometimes the ability to say ‘no’. But Shakespeare’s audience would more than likely consider him bound for Hell, as he at no point in the play asks for forgiveness. One of the beliefs on which Christianity is built is that no matter what people do on Earth, if they ask for forgiveness they will be forgiven by God, and Shakespeare’s audience would mostly have been made up of faithful Christians. No matter what people do to redeem themselves, God does not forgive them unless they ask to be. But this change from good to evil does not happen overnight. It is triggered at the beginning by the witches, who open the play in the most unnatural of ways for a Shakespearian tragedy. The scene is very short, only 12 lines long, and it is unnatural in every way possible. The three witches are supernatural beings: â€Å"you should be women, /And yet your beards forbid me to interpret/That you are so,† the weather is unnatural and violent, even the incantatory poetry that Shakespeare gives them is unnatural, as no one else in the play ever speaks in the same way as they do. It is a prologue to the evil events that will occur throughout the play. They have planned out everything and know exactly what will happen when they tell Macbeth that he will be king one day: â€Å"There to meet with Macbeth†, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be King hereafter.† Throughout the play, Macbeth tries to control the witches, yet he never can: â€Å"Speak, I charge you. Witches vanish†, and he tries the same with the apparitions, and is scolded by the witches: â€Å"He knows thy thought: /Hear his speech, but say thou nought.† He does not realize that he cannot control either Fate or such unearthly creatures as the witches. Also throughout the play, the witches treat Macbeth as one of their own, and he does not realise that he finds them only because they want him to: â€Å"Something wicked this way comes. /Open locks, /Whoever knocks.† Shakespeare makes this comparison between them in Macbeth’s very first line, by giving him almost the exact same words as he gave the witches: â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen.† The witches are also significant to Shakespeare’s audience because there are three of them. There has always been an ancient superstition that the number three is a magical number, yet most of the Shakespearian audience would immediately associate it with the Holy Trinity – Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. In â€Å"Macbeth† this has been inverted, as so many other things are. Instead, there is an Infernal Trinity; the three witches or a more elaborate one, made up of the witches, Macbeth, and Lady Macbeth. Still, there could also be an incarnation of the Holy Trinity in â€Å"Macbeth†, represented by Macduff, Malcolm, and Banquo. Macbeth’s progression to evil is chiefly marked out by his soliloquies and the murders that he performs, or orders. He starts as a mighty and noble warrior, killing rebels for his King and country. Then, once his ambition has started to take over, he goes on to kill Duncan, an innocent, defenceless, old man: â€Å"Most sacrilegious murder hath broke ope/the Lord’s anointed temple†. He puts much thought into this before performing the deed, debating with himself whether to do it or not: â€Å"He’s here in double trust/†¦his host, /Who should against his murderer shut the door/Not bear the knife myself.† And once he has performed the horrific deed, he regrets it bitterly: â€Å"Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst!† His hesitation however, is not the hesitation of fear, as he has a terrible courage, but of an intimate, buried knowledge between right and wrong. Then he goes on to kill Banquo, though not personally. He gives less thought to this deed: â€Å"There is none but he/Whose being I do fear;† and he does not regret the deed at all, yet is petrified of Banquo’s ghost at the coronation banquet. Banquo, when he is killed, knows what has transpired: â€Å"I fear, /Thou play’dst most foully for ‘t.† He knows how Macbeth became king and that he killed Duncan, and also knows that he is behind his own murder: â€Å"O treachery!† Macbeth finally orders the murders of Lady Macduff and her children: â€Å"give to the edge of the sword/His wife, his babes†. While killing men was considered a great crime, killing a woman and her children was considered a much worse crime. This is done without second thought and never regrets it at all; he never mentions it to himself after it has occurred: â€Å"The very firstlings of my heart shall be/The firstlings of my hand.† As he becomes increasingly evil, so Scotland becomes increasingly unnatural. This is most obviously shown when Banquo dies to save Fleance, a parent sacrificing himself for his child’s life, which is natural: â€Å"Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly!† Later in the play however, it is clear that Scotland has become more unnatural as the Son dies in an attempt to save Lady Macduff, a child sacrificing himself for his parent’s life: â€Å"He has kill’d me, mother: /Run away; I pray you!† This is unnatural and fails, as both Lady Macduff and her Son die. Finally, another sign of Macbeth’s descent to evil is that he becomes more and more secluded. This is mainly shown by the increasing amount of soliloquies that Shakespeare gives him, but is also shown by his relationship with Lady Macbeth. At the beginning of the play they are a happy couple, who love each other intensely: â€Å"my dearest partner of greatness,† yet as the play progresses, especially after Duncan’s murder, Macbeth separates himself from his wife, and once he is king, she must ask to see him: â€Å"Say to the king, I would attend his leisure†. All Macbeth’s deeds are consequently thought out by himself, unlike the murder of Duncan, in which Lady Macbeth did most of the thinking and planning: â€Å"Leave all the rest to me†, and Macbeth keeps Lady Macbeth out of the murder of Banquo even when she asks him what he is planning: â€Å"Be innocent of the knowledge†¦/Till thou applaud the deed.† All of these points show how Macbeth becomes increasingly evil throughout the play, eventually becoming a much feared villain, or a tragic hero.

M M Project Essay - 999 Words

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a written report of the five part MM project. Part one was sampling. We were to purchase 3 bags of MM and record the color counts of each bag in an Excel spread sheet. For part two we calculated the sample proportions for each color, the mean number of candies per1.69oz bag, created a histogram for the number of candies per bag, use Excel to compute the descriptive statistics for the total number of candies per bag and summarize the information. In part three we located the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of blue, orange, green, yellow, red and brown. For part four we tested claims for percentages of each color. In the final part of the project we tested the hypothesis†¦show more content†¦The results are as follows: Sample proportions: blue=.2366, orange= .2099, green= .1702, yellow= .1428, red= .1156, brown= .1249; the histogram is skewed left Mean= 55.5667; standard deviation= 2.0003; total # of candies=5001; # of bags= 90 The standard deviation indicates that the difference between the actual number of MMs per bag and the mean number of MMs per bag is 2.0003. Part 3: Method, Analysis, Results The objective of this part of the project is was to construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportions of blue, orange, green, yellow, red and brown mms. The results were: Blue (.22477, .24833) Orange (.19867, .22125) Green (.15975, .18058) Yellow (.13308, .15247) Red (.10672, .12444) Brown (.11581, .13414) Mean (55.153338, 55.979862 Bonus 438 Part 4: Method, Analysis, Results For this portion we were to tests Masterfoods’ claims about which proportion of colors the greatest number of people found attractive. Blue; H0: p=.24 claim, H1: p[pic] .24; Z= -.5630, Fail to reject There is insufficient evidence to suggest the true proportion is not .24. Orange; H0: p=.20 claim, H1: p[pic].20; Z= 1.75; Fail to reject There is insufficient evidence to suggest the true proportion is not .20. Green; H0: p=.16 claim, H1: p[pic] .16; Z= 1.9676; reject There is sufficient evidence to suggest the true proportion is not .16. Yellow; H0: p=.14 claim, H1: p[pic] .14;Show MoreRelatedMM: Project Report788 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿MM ® Project Report Figure 1 - MM Brand Characters (Norm, 2010) Contents Introduction: Purpose of Report 3 Project Part 1: Sampling Method 3 Project Part 2: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 3: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 4: Method, Analysis, Results 3 Project Part 5: Method, Analysis, Results 4 Conclusion 4 Introduction: Purpose of Report Purpose This analysis was conducted to investigate various aspects that relate to MM candies, their production, andRead MoreMM Project Report471 Words   |  2 PagesMM Project Report This project is a quantitative study involving descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics allow for summations about objects (FAQs-Descriptive Inferential Statistics). With the exception of measurement error, descriptive statistics can clarify large volumes of data by reducing lots of data into a simpler summary (Trachim, 2006). 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Conifer tree species include white and black spruce, balsam, jack pine fir, eastern white cedar, and tamarack, whi le the deciduous (hardwood) species are mainly white birch and poplar (https://wwwRead MoreHM Report2508 Words   |  11 Pages T2242531 Introduction Hamp;M (Hennes amp; Mauritz) is a global fashion brand and retail clothing company founded in Sweden, 1947 by Erling Persson. H amp; M founder Erling Persson because of a U.S. tour, inspired him to open a low price, high-class women s fashion clothing store ideas. (â€Å"Hamp;M offers fashion and quality at the best price†, 2011) The first Hennes opened in Vasteras, which is the predecessor of Hamp;M. In 60s, he expanded Hennes in most parts of SwedenRead MoreAn Introduction to Total Quality Management1250 Words   |  5 Pageshow could people achieve it? Quality management is an excellent method to resolve it. In the following parts, this project will briefly identify the definition of quality and total quality and tell the differences between them at the same time. Moreover, it will illustrate three main pioneers of total quality management during the development. In the end, the following project will make some prediction of the trends of quality management in the future. Quality and Total Quality ï  ¬ QualityRead MoreJoseph M. Juran s Life972 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph M. Juran lived a long life comprised of many accomplishments. Using his natural gifts of intelligence, Juran went from being a poor immigrant to being known for his quality control expertise. He has also been known as the â€Å"father† of quality, and even a quality guru. This paper gives insight into Jurans life and how he was able to work his way up to his many accomplishments. Joseph was born in Braila, Romania in December of 1904. Five years later his father, Jakob Juran, departed Romania and

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs - 929 Words

In this specific case study, when analyzed using both Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’, along with Herzberg’s ‘satisfaction theory’, it can be seen that there are two major causes of organizational issues, from the removal of bonuses to the sudden layoffs The first cause of organizational issues in this case study refers to the management (specifically Bent), deciding on removing the bonuses implemented through the company’s recent plan, which resulted in â€Å"the workers respond[ing] with anger and suspicion, as if something that rightfully belonged to them had been taken away†. (Beer Collins, 2008, p.2) The removal of bonuses impacted each employee at the very basic level of Maslow’s hierarchy, which is survival, or wages in the business version. This lack leads to the reduced production that Bent discusses in the case study. Maslow’s hierarchy confirms this, due to the fact that â€Å"if an individual does not bel ieve that he/she is being paid a fair wage, too much time will be spent contemplating this perceived inequity and other work concerns will not be given the attention that might be required†. (Benson Dundis, 2003, p.317) This lack of wages also contributes to the feeling of safety, which leads into the second level of Maslow’s pyramid. The removal of bonuses shook the employees of Bent’s company, but the major cause of disruption for the second level of the pyramid was the layoffs. The case study states that â€Å"In June 2006, Bent had been forced to lay off 46 of his 255Show MoreRelatedMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1741 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs include five levels, and at the certain extent, reflect the rule of human s activities on psychological and behavior. Herzberg’ describe the more details of worker agree or disagree about working. In this essay, more relate d knowledge details and effects will de described, then, analysis the two theories individual, choose a better one. II. Describe the two theories. 2.1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs The Maslow’s hierarchy of needsRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1536 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of how to motivate different personality types. In the research I am going to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs against Lawrence and Nohira’s 4 drive theory in an attempt to better understand their possible uses inside an organizational structure. Let’s first take a look a look at the two theories before discussing their potential benefit. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We need to keep in mind that Maslow’s field was phycology, so his research was done from a medical viewpoint more soRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1524 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realization and fulfillments and that behavior could be gratified while using multiple types of needs at the same time. Maslow wanted to find positive motivation as to why people react or engage in certain behaviors. He felt that basic survivalRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1295 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 379 in EP)? Outline each level and discuss how it relates to motivation. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He originally studied law because of the influence of my parents, but after marrying his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, and moving to Wisconsin, he became interested in psychology. After achieving his Masters in Psychology, Maslow moved back to Brooklyn and started teaching at a school there. â€Å"One of the many interesting things Maslow noticedRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs982 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Maslow was one of the most influential and important educational psychologists and is recognized by many for his theory on mankind’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s theory which is known as â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs† is best explained as a pyramid of needs that we as humans must meet in order to progress to another stage of needs. There are five stages in the pyramid of needs and they go as follows: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and finally self-actualization. MaslowRead MoreMaslow s The Hierarchy Of Needs1769 Words   |  8 Pages Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Jennifer Thompson Arkansas Tech University Author Note This individual research paper is being submitted on October 13, 2014 for Loretta Cochran’s Management [BUAD 3123] course. â€Æ' Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realizationRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1498 Words   |  6 Pagesjust want to survive in life they want to flourish. Maslow s hierarchy of needs explains to us a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. While the interactionist point of view explains how humans are social creatures and social interaction is just as important as all of the other needs listed on Maslow’s Model. Maslow s hierarchy of needs is a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. Corrections Today explains that Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist born in New York, heRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1846 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of needs (HON) to try and explain human psychological developments and how these manifest themselves into a worker’s life. We will explore some issues brought up by the model and why it may lack a certain the degree of unification and how it could potentially work better if entwined with other views. Motivation is the â€Å"word derived from the word ’motive’ It’s the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals† (guide, 2017) Also, MaslowRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages This international technology company demands strong motivation, stupendous leadership and great understanding between workers. Leaders need to create willingness amongst the employees to operate at their highest potential; this willingness is referred to as motivation. This report is based on a content/needs theory of motivation (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs). It consists of two pieces of primary research on the theory. The first one summarises worker motivation on selected construction sites inRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1388 Words   |  6 Pages Abraham Maslow was an American philosopher who was born in the early 1990 s in Brooklyn, New York. He was one of the leading theorists that promoted humanistic psychology during his era. Maslow sought to understand what motivates and inspires individuals. He theorized that individuals possess and hold a group of motivation and incentive systems not related to plunder or insensible desires. Maslow declared that people are motivated and provoked to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled

Biography Of Leopold s A Sand County Almanac Essay

Part A When one reads Aldo Leopold’s A Sand County Almanac, it is difficult to not immediately find yourself lost in Leopold’s enchantment with the nature that surrounds him. Leopold describes, month by month, the activities of the animals and nature around him in such a way that one is able to truly appreciate the often missed miracles that are happening all around us. One can easily deduct that the theme of A Sand County Almanac is very boldly proclaimed as Leopold’s writings tell us to pause for a moment to appreciate and conserve the beautiful world that surrounds us. Let us consider the two key words of the theme, appreciate and conserve. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word â€Å"appreciate† as to, â€Å"recognize the worth of† (â€Å"Appreciate†). Leopold wants society to take a moment to recognize the worth of nature by providing us with a descriptive glance at elements of nature that we may often take for granted, such as animals foraging for food or the history of a tree. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the word â€Å"conserve† as to, â€Å"protect (something, especially something of environmental or cultural importance) from harm or destruction† (â€Å"Conserve†). Once we are able to appreciate nature, we become more aware of the importance of conservation. When you do not care about nature, it is easy to overuse and mistreat it in such a way that it harms the environment. On the contrary, if one is able to truly appreciate nature, he or she is much more conscious about the

Tetra Pak competitive advantages free essay sample

Introduction Tetra Pak started in Lund 1951 of the founder Ruben Rausing. Tetra Pak is a multinational world leading enterprise with products as; food processing and packaging solutions provide more than 170 countries around the world.(Tetra Pak, 2013) Tetra Pak’s motto is â€Å" PROTECTS WHAT’S GOOD’’ which means to protect the food in the packages from supplier to customer, distribution, employees, consumer and society. Another thing that is important for Tetra Pak is to protect the environment by using renewable material as the main component of their packages such as wood fibre.(Tetra Pak,2013) In the 1960th Tetra Pak developed a sterilization technology which made it possible to distribute safe and nutritious liquid food to all corners of the world without the need of a cooling chain.(Tetra Pak,2013) New trade theory Without trade a small national market will not keep economies of scale with the low demand. By world trade production of a certain product will help each nation to specialize. We will write a custom essay sample on Tetra Pak competitive advantages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economies of scale is a cost advantage that emerge when a company increases output of a product(Hill, 2012 p.194 ­195). When Nation trade with each other the market expands and this leads to economies of scale may be able to attained and lowers the cost for company production and for consumers. Nation trade enhance the variety of goods and this leads to a decrease of the average cost of those goods.(Hill, 2012. 194 ­195).

The Battle On March 9, 1862, Between The USS Monitor And The Essays

The battle on March 9, 1862, between the USS Monitor and the CSS Merrimack, officially the CSS Virginia, is one of the most revolutionary naval battles in world history. Up until that point, all battles had been waged between wooden ships. This was the first battle in maritime history that two ironclad ships waged war. The USS Merrimack was a Union frigate throughout most of its existence, up until the Union Navy abandoned the Norfolk Naval Yard. To prevent the Confederate Navy from using her against them, the Union Navy scuttled her. The Confederates, however, raised the ship from the shallow floor of the ocean and began making some major modifications. Confederate engineers cut the hull down to the water line and built a slanted top on it. Then, they bolted four layers of iron sheets, each two inches thick, to the entire structure. Also added was a huge battering ram to the bow of the ship to be used in ramming maneuvers. The ship was then fitted with ten twelve-pound cannons. There were four guns placed on the starboard and port sides, and one on the bow and stern sides. Due to its massive nature the ship's draft was enormous, it stretched twenty-two feet to the bottom. The ship was so slow and long, that it required a turning radius of about one mile. Likened to a "floating barn roof (DesJardien 2)" and not predicted to float, the only individual willing to take command of the ship was Captain Franklin Buchanan. After all the modifications were complete, the ship was rechristened the CSS Virginia, but the original name the CSS Merrimack is the preferred name. The USS Monitor was the creation of Swedish-American engineer, John Ericsson. The ship was considered small for a warship, only 172 feet long and 42 feet wide. Confederate sailors were baffled by the ship. One was quoted describing her as ". . . a craft such as the eyes of a seaman never looked upon before, an immense shingle floating on the water with a giant cheese box rising from its center" (Ward 101). The "cheese box" was a nine by twenty foot revolving turret with two massive guns inside. "The USS Monitor used two of the eleven inch Dahlgran guns . . ." (Lavy 2). These Dahlgran guns were massive rifled cannons that were capable of firing a variety of shot. The armor of this ship was a two inch thick layer of steel that shielded the ship. The deck was so low to the water line, about one foot, that waves frequently washed over the deck causing the ship to lose its balance in the water. Due to the low profile, the entire crew was located below the water line, so one armor piercing hit would kill the entire crew. Like the CSS Merrimack, the USS Monitor was expected to sink, it was referred to as "Ericsson's Folly" (DesJardien 2). The only individual willing to take command of the ship was Lieutenant John Worden. The battle at Hampton Roads was part of the Peninsula Campaign that lasted from March to August of 1862. There was a total of five ships engaged in the battle. From the US Navy, there were four ships, the USS Congress, USS Minnesota, USS Cumberland, and the USS Monitor. The CS Navy had one ship, the CSS Merrimack. On March 8, 1862, the CSS Merrimack steamed into Hampton Roads. She proceeded to sink the USS Cumberland and then ran the USS Congress aground. Captain Buchanan then set his sights on the already handicapped USS Minnesota. The USS Minnesota was run aground on one of the shores. Capt. Buchanan did not know, but the USS Monitor was lying in wait, ordered to protect the wounded USS Minnesota. Lt. Worden steamed out into the middle of the bay to meet the CSS Merrimack. The USS Monitor fired first in a drawn out battle that lasted about four and a half hours. "They fired shot, shell, grape, canister, musket and rifle balls doing no damage to each other" (Lavy 3). After four and a half hours, the CSS Merrimack withdrew due to falling tides. The USS Monitor did not make chase because of a crack in the turret. The results of the battle were inconclusive, neither side could claim victory. The estimated casualties resulting from the battle were extensive. The Union lost about 409 sailors and the Confederacy lost about 24 sailors. The battle was so impressive to the leaders of both the Union and the Confederacy, that they contracted their Naval yards to have more ironclad